Stem-cell Technology Advances

Stem-cell Technology Advances

Abstract

 

Un-differentiates cells are called blank cells. Grown in cell culture for few generations, they remain un-differentiated. How to know they are un-differentiated has been discussed in this paper. The embryonic stem cells have been used to recover many diseases by direct differentiation. Various mechanisms and methods described. The planning and policy situation of Stem Cell Technology in its country of origin has been reviewed. The pituitary hypoplasia diagnosis to be a stem cell defect. Foreign gene expression in embryos, transgenic and animal modeling for disease cure has been postulated, on the basis of research results reported. Various embryo manipulation, transfer of gene, nuclear injection, gene mapping, isolation and analysis of gene in future have been reported and discussed. Embryonic Stem Cell Therapeutics, Gene targeting, cell death, cell differentiation, programming molecules research has been reviewed. Mutation defects in mice have been related to stem cell defects. A 2 step process of gene targeting mechanism has been developed which help a lot in gene therapy and animal genetic manipulations.

Gene trap strategies and mechanism of its use for human and animal good has been briefly hinted at for future researchers to initiate new research mechanism.

 

 

 

 

 

5. Embryonic stem cell:

Foetal tissues- a source of embryonic stem cell can too differentiate into various cell types through three germ layers.

Embryonic stem cells (ESC) can be had from inner cell mass of pre implantation embryo and cultured in mouse embryonic feeder cells. Embryonic development after fertilization has been detailed ( Wani, 1996). After fertilization within 30 hrs zygote divides and becomes a morula in 3-4 days post coitus. A blastocyst is seen within 5-6 days, p.c. The 150µ blastocyst (1/7 th of a mm) has already differentiated into outer trophoblast (70 cells and inner cell mass, cluster of 30 cells). They are multipotent and rise to germ layers ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. Maintenance of ICM cell lines, culture feeder layers under undifferentiated state in now possible by Leukemia Inhibitory Factors (LIF) addition to growth culture. Some of the figures 1-5 show schematic development of fertilized eggs. The research has entered an advance phase and we have many tests which can differentiate stem cell from differentiated cells. Various details are shown in table 1 and this phenomenon briefly represented in Figure 2. The Embryoid bodies are graphically represented in Figure 3.

Differentiation

ICM cell proliferate and undergo differentiation. The activity of lineage specific genes is the evidence of differentiation. Lineage commitment is